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Skeleton
Teachers' Notes
 

‘Discover…anatomy’ is based on Dr Susie Whiten’s lecture, ‘Casing the Joint’. The aim of the site is to provide an interactive resource for young people and to enhance your school’s visit to the Royal Institution.

‘Discover… anatomy’ is divided into four main areas: the science, quiz, big questions and discussion forum.

The Science

the science is intended as a resource area for pupils to access from school or from home, for initial learning before attending the lecture, for further study after the lecture or as a stand alone resource. the science contains a breakdown of the scientific material from the lecture. The subject areas covered include the structure and function of muscles, bones and nerves, and how these tissues combine to allow bodies to move. The scientific content is complemented by interactive activities and games, with did you know…? fact boxes throughout. There are four main areas within the science:

1. tissue issues: this area covers the structure and function of muscles, bones and nerves, and what happens when these tissues are damaged. The interactive elements in this area are:
  • pump some iron: this game highlights the importance of muscle, and touches on the dangers of steroids.
  • nerve wrecker: the aim of this activity is to identify the stages in the nervous system and place them in the correct order.
  • eye, eye!: an informative eye test that aims to show where the blind spot is and why we have one.
  • build a skeleton: this game involves identifying the bones of various animals to build a complete skeleton.
2. casing the joint: this area covers the structure of joints and how they move. The interactive activities in this area are:
  • joints explorer: much of the scientific area for this area is contained within this interactive exercise. Focusing on three major joints, the hip, the knee and the shoulder, pupils can manipulate a human skeleton to see how each joint moves and find out detailed information about each.
  • who’s the fastest?: this exercise investigates the way we use our bodies and how it affects our performance in sport.
  • target tactics: a fun game that shows the way the joints move when kicking a ball.
  • bendy bodies: this exercise shows the extent to which some people can train their bodies to become much more flexible than normal.
3. move it: this area extends beyond organic bodies to look at how some technologies are based on the structure of the human body, and how technology is advancing to create technologies such as robotic limbs. The interactive exercise in this area is:
  • shifty the robot: this game aims to enhance pupils understanding the complexities of a multi-jointed animal, by showing how difficult it is to control a machine with just two joints.
4. skeleton territory: this area investigates the different types of skeleton that occur in nature, including hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons and endoskeletons. The interactive activities in this area are:
  • flick the flea: this game shows how agile insects can be.
  • build a skeleton: this game involves identifying the bones of various animals to build a complete skeleton.
Quiz

The quiz is intended to be attempted after students have either explored ‘the science’ area or attended the lecture. The aim of the quiz is for the students to use the knowledge that they have acquired to answer all the questions correctly in the shortest time. The answers to all of the questions can be found somewhere in ‘the science’. The winner will receive a set of videos of the 2001 Royal Institution Christmas lectures, The secrets of Life by Sir John Sulston.

Big Questions

big questions are intended as a resource for students to use at school or at home to learn about some of the big questions that are stimulating current research in the area of anatomy. You may wish to use these questions in the classroom to start a wider discussion on how science affects our everyday lives. The topic areas covered are:

  • Can engineers learn from the human body?
  • Amphibians are able to grow replacement limbs, so why canŐt we?
  • Can we enhance the human body mechanically?
  • Can we control artificial limbs with our minds?
Discussion Forum

The discussion forum is intended to create an online community of learning, where pupils can discuss the topics that have arisen in other areas of the site with pupils from other schools. The discussion area can be reached from specific discussion points such as ‘Why do you think it is important not to get dehydrated?’ throughout the site.

Useful Links

General information
Becta Virtual Teacher Centre
http://curriculum.becta.org.uk/docserver.php

Digital Brain
Digital brain offers resources, lesson plans and information for KS4 Science
http://corporate.digitalbrain.com

Inner Learning Online
A very good interactive guide to the human anatomy for KS4 and above
http://www.innerbody.com/default.htm

Mind, Body and Soul
http://www.mindbodysoul.gov.uk/

The Natural History Museum
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/index.html

Science Museum
Downloadable resources for teachers
http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk

Science Net
http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/

Wired for health
http://www.wiredforhealth.gov.uk/

Tissue issues
For further information on this topic area, visit:

Blood and Marrow Transplant Information Network
http://www.bmtinfonet.org/

Cells Alive
A wonderful collection of images, animations and movies showing a variety of cells and cell activity. Suitable for more able GCSE pupils, A-level students and teachers.
http://www.cellsalive.com/

Musculographics Inc
Virtual animations from a company supplying 3-D modelling software
http://www.musculographics.com/gallery/gallery.html

Casing the joint
For further information on this topic area, visit:

The living skeleton - a tour of human bones
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/

The VAKHUM Project
http://www.ulb.ac.be/project/vakhum/index.html

Skeleton territory
For further information on this topic area, visit:

3-D insects
http://www.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/3d/3dinsect.html

National Aquarium in Baltimore
http://jellieszone.com/index.html

Teachers' experiences
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Ideas for discussion
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